Lionel Charles Ferbos was born on July 17, 1911 in New Orleans' Creole 7th Ward. He was told as a child that his asthma would prevent him from playing a wind instrument — but at fifteen he saw an all-girl orchestra at the Orpheum Theater, decided anything they could do he could too, and bought a cornet at a French Quarter pawn shop. He was playing professionally by the early 1930s with the Starlight and Moonlight Serenaders and the WPA jazz band of the Depression era, of which he would eventually become the last surviving member.
His career encompassed every era of New Orleans jazz: he played with Captain John Handy and blues singer Mamie Smith; he performed in the original cast band of the off-Broadway hit One Mo' Time; and he made eight tours of Europe with Lars Edegran's New Orleans Ragtime Orchestra, recording on the soundtrack of Louis Malle's 1978 film Pretty Baby. He played at every New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival from its 1970 inception.